Stress Fractures of the Foot

Definition: Stress fractures are small cracks or severe bruising within a bone, commonly occurring in the foot. They result from repetitive force or overuse, often seen in athletes and individuals with high levels of physical activity.

Causes:

• Overuse from repetitive activities like running or jumping
• Sudden increase in physical activity intensity or duration
• Poor footwear that does not provide adequate support
• Bone weakness due to conditions like osteoporosis

Symptoms:

• Pain that develops gradually and worsens with weight-bearing activities
• Swelling and tenderness at the site of the fracture
• Bruising
• Pain that diminishes with rest and increases with activity

Diagnosis:

• Physical Examination: Assessing pain, swelling, and tenderness.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays may not always detect stress fractures; MRI or bone scans are more effective in identifying them.

Treatment:

• Rest: Avoiding activities that put stress on the foot to allow healing.
• Ice: Applying ice packs to reduce swelling and pain.
• Protective Footwear: Using supportive shoes or orthotic inserts to reduce stress on the foot.
• Immobilization: In some cases, wearing a walking boot or brace to stabilize the foot.
• Gradual Return to Activity: Slowly increasing activity levels after the fracture has healed, often under medical guidance.

Prognosis: With proper treatment, stress fractures of the foot generally heal within 6-8 weeks. Ensuring adequate rest and gradual return to activities is crucial to prevent re-injury. Adopting preventive measures, such as wearing appropriate footwear and avoiding sudden increases in activity levels, can help minimize the risk of future stress fractures.