Fracture of the Finger

Definition: A finger fracture is a break in any of the bones (phalanges) of the fingers. These fractures can result from direct trauma, such as a fall, crush injury, or blow to the hand, and can significantly impact hand function.

Causes:

• Trauma: Direct impact from falls, sports injuries, or accidents.
• Crush Injuries: Getting the finger caught in doors or machinery.
• Twisting Injuries: Sudden twisting or bending forces applied to the finger.

Symptoms:

• Severe pain at the site of the fracture
• Swelling and bruising
• Tenderness when touching the finger
• Visible deformity or crooked appearance of the finger
• Inability to move the finger or limited range of motion
• Numbness or tingling if nerves are affected

Diagnosis:

• Physical Examination: Assessing pain, swelling, deformity, and range of motion.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays to confirm the fracture and determine its type and severity; CT scans or MRI for more detailed views if needed.

Types of Finger Fractures:

1. Stable Fractures: The broken bone ends remain aligned.
2. Unstable Fractures: The broken bone ends are displaced or misaligned.
3. Open Fractures: The broken bone punctures the skin, increasing the risk of infection.
4. Comminuted Fractures: The bone is shattered into multiple pieces.

Treatment:

1. Non-Surgical Treatments:

   • Splinting: Immobilizing the finger with a splint or cast to keep the bone in place while it heals.
   • Buddy Taping: Taping the injured finger to an adjacent finger for support and stabilization.
   • Medications: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs to manage pain and reduce swelling.

2. Surgical Treatments:

   • Reduction: Manipulating the bone back into its correct position, which may be done manually or surgically.
   • Internal Fixation: Using pins, screws, or plates to hold the bone fragments together.
   • External Fixation: Using an external device to stabilize the bone if internal fixation is not feasible.

Rehabilitation:

• Physical Therapy: Exercises to restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion in the finger.
• Occupational Therapy: Techniques and adaptive devices to aid in daily activities and improve hand function.

Prognosis: With appropriate treatment, most finger fractures heal well, although the recovery time can vary depending on the severity and type of fracture. Early intervention and proper immobilization are crucial to ensure optimal healing and prevent complications such as malunion (improper healing) or stiffness. Adhering to rehabilitation exercises and follow-up care is essential for regaining full function and strength in the finger.